Asaf-ud-daula was succeeded by his adopted son Wazir Ali Khan, who ascended to the throne (musnud), with support of the British in September 1797. Within four month they accused him of being unfaithful; Sir John Shore (1751–1834) moved in with 12 battalions and replaced him with his uncle Saadat Ali Khan II in January 1798.
Saadat Ali Khan II was crowned on 21 January 1798 at Bibiyapur Palace in Lucknow, by Sir John Shore after the assurance from Sadat Ali Khan towards acquiescence to the company and carrying out its orders. He was made to sign another treaty by which the annual amount to be paid to the Company was increased by 20 lakhs to 76 lakhs. Forts of Allahabad and Fatehgarh, along with 12 lakhs, were given to the Company for putting him on the throne. The Governor asked him to reduce the force of Awadh (Which was 80,000 at the time of Asaf-ud-daula). His powers – and that of Awadh by extension – got reduced very much within three years of his reign. He became unable to pay the dues to the Company. Finally, on Nov 10, 1801, the Company took half of the Awadh from him, annexing the area of Rohilkhand, Farukhabad, Mainpuri, Etawah, Kanpur, Fatehgarh, Allahabad, Azamgarh, Basti, and Gorakhpur, from where Oudh was getting an income of Rs. 3 crores; again after the assurance from Sadat Ali Khan for acquiescence to the company and to carry out its orders!
Saadat Ali Khan II was succeeded by Ghazi-ud-Din Haider, who became Nawab Wazir of Oudh on July 11, 1814 after the death of his father. In 1818, under the influence of Lord Hastings, the British Governor General, he declared himself as the independent Padshah-i-Awadh (King of Awadh). He died in the Farhat Bakhsh palace in Lucknow in 1827. The Shah Najaf Imambara (1816), his mausoleum, on the bank of the Gomti is a copy of the fourth Caliph Ali’s burial place in Najaf, Iraq. He was succeeded by his son Nasir-ud-Din Haider.
By the time of Nasir-ud-din Haider’s reign, the Awadh government had started deteriorating. The administration of the kingdom was left to the hands of Wazir Hakim Mahdi and later to Raushan-ud-Daula. His administration was so corrupt that it even sabotaged his works for Awadh, like the Haidar canal project, which envisaged connecting Ganga to Gomti, but was a failure due to faulty planning and implementation, and lack of funds at a later stage.
Nasir-ud-din Haider died without an offspring and Ghazi-ud- din Haider's queen 'Padshah Beghum' put forward Munna Jan as a claimant to the throne, though both Ghazi-ud- din Haider and Nasir-ud-din Haider had refused to acknowledge him as belonging to the royal family. The begum forcibly enthroned Munna Jan at Lal baradari. The British intervened and exploited the situation to their interest. They arrested both the beghum and Munna Jan and arranged for the accession of late Nawab Saadat Ali Khan II's son, Nasir-ud-daula, under title of 'Muhammad Ali Shah', who promised to pay a large sum of money to the British for this.
Muhammad Ali Shah was 63 years of age when he ascended the throne. But he was an experienced man and had seen the glorious days of his father. He started to economize and set right the administration. However, by his time, the British hold on Awadh was very much complete. As a result, his administrative, financial and defense powers were reduced very much.
Muhammad Ali Shah built the Husainabad (Chhota) Imambara in 1838 and created Huseinabad Endowment Fund (now Husainabad Trust) to support it. He also built Husainabad Picture Gallery which is adjacent to the Clock Tower; this Gallery contains the life-size portraits of the Nawabs of Oudh. He also started to build an edifice similar to Babylon's minaret or floating garden and named it Satkhanda, but it reached only its fifth storey in 1842 when he died, in 1842, and was succeeded by his son, Amjad Ali Shah.
His father had made every effort to ensure that the heir apparent, Amjad Ali Shah, received an excellent education and had therefore entrusted him to the company of religious scholars, which instead of making him an intelligent ruler made him a devout Muslim. Thus, he became the most deeply religious, circumspect and abstinent ruler of Oudh. So much so, that the system of administration set up by Muhammad Ali Shah became completely disorganized due to the neglect faced on account of Amjad’s religious excursions, whereas the vicious officers had their day. He, nevertheless, took to some construction work as well. He constructed Iron Bridge over river Gomti and constructed metal road from Lucknow to Kanpur which still follows the same route. He also built Hazratganj, the great European style market. The great Aminabad Bazar and a Serai at Kanpur road were constructed by his minister Amin-ud-Daula.
Amjad was succeeded by his son Wajid Ali Shah, who was the fifth and last King of Awadh, holding the position from 13 February 1847 to 7 February 1856. Wajid Ali Shah, along with Asaf-ud-daula, is arguably the most famous ruler of Lucknow. He ascended the throne of Awadh in 1847 and ruled for nine years. His kingdom, long protected by the British under treaty, was eventually annexed peacefully on February 7, 1856 – days before the ninth anniversary of his coronation. The Nawab was exiled to Garden Reach in Metia-burz, then a suburb of Kolkata, where he lived out the rest of his life off a generous pension. He was a poet, playwright, dancer and great patron of the arts. He is widely credited with the revival of Kathak as a major form of classical Indian dance.
Beghum Hazrat Mahal, a wife of Wajid Ali Shah, played the key role in the Lucknow chapter of the great uprising of 1857.
I believe this much of information is okay insofar as an interview is concerned. I’d welcome and encourage readers to offer more, in case something important (for the purpose of an interview/personality-test) has been overlooked by me.
PS. (1) I’m grateful to Mr. Anurag Kumar who suggested me the names of books to read in order to acquaint myself with what amounts to just a minuscule part of the grand History of Lucknow.
(2)The area which is known as Madiaon today derives its name from Mandavya Rishi, who had his ashram in the area known as Kudiya ghat today. The place also had a religiously important Suraj Kund, which was famous for its disease-healing-powers. Adjacent to the area were established colonies such as Aliganj (by Bahu Beghum) and Maah Nagar (today’s Maha Nagar), in the modern era. The old Hanuman Temple of Aliganj was built by Lala Jaatmal in 1783.
(3) Chinhat of today derives its name from Chana Haat, a grain mandi (market) of yore. It was here that Asaf-ud-daula camped finally before entering Lucknow to establish his capital in 1775.
(4) Another important feature of Lucknow is the residency, built in 1800 A.D by the then Nawab of Awadh, Saadat Ali Khan II. It was constructed in order to serve as the residence for the British Resident General who was a representative in the court of Nawab. The palace gained prominence during the siege of Residency, at the time of the rebellion of 1857. Sir Henry Lawrence, who bore the responsibility 3500 human lives, undertook the defense and counter initiative when he was completely surrounded by the 'mutineers'; he died during the last days of the siege, before help arrived under Havelock and Outram.
(5) Suggested further readings: Yogesh Pravin, Anurag Kumar, and Abdul Halim Sharar.